煤层倾角与覆岩变形破裂分带   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杜时贵  翁欣海 《工程地质学报》1997,5(3):211-217

地下采煤中三带(冒落带、裂隙带、弯曲带)高度的判断是预测采空引起地表变形破坏程度的依据。在诸多的影响因素中, 煤层倾角是控制三带高度的最主要因素。建立在实测统计基础上的经验范围值用于三带高度的判断带有一定的人为性。急倾斜煤层中冒落带和裂隙带高度随煤层倾角变化的规律已被褐示[7].通过弹塑性岩石材料的非线性有限元模拟, 本文提出了利用应力重分布图判断中、缓倾角煤层采空区覆岩三带高度的方法, 并应用于实际工程。  相似文献   

川滇地区活动地块现今地壳形变特征     

乔学军  王琪  杜瑞林 《国际地震动态》2004,(Z1):10

位于青藏高原东南缘的川滇菱形块体的地壳运动主要以鲜水河、安宁河、则木河、小江、红河、澜沧江、龙门山等深大断裂的强烈构造活动为特征,新生代以来受青藏高原物质向东侧流动及阿萨姆顶点楔入的作用,使该地区构造活动复杂,地震活动强烈而频繁,是研究地壳形变与地震的有利地区之一.但由于形变观测资料时空分布的制约,以前很多学者对川滇地区活动断裂的GPS形变研究主要以大尺度为主,主要反映川滇块体的整体运动特征,而对于利用GPS研究各个块体间的相互作用及其对边界带的活动构造的作用缺少深入的分析,本文正是基于1998～2002年间该地区200多GPS点位的三期GPS复测资料(网络工程和973项目),将川滇地区分为9个次级活动块体,计算了各个活动块体的欧拉旋转矢量和主要活动断裂的运动速度,并分析了该地区的应变场特征和地震危险性.结果表明川滇地区活动块体的运动有以下特点:  相似文献   

地震重现时间间隔概率分布函数选择的必要条件     

杨晓松  Du Shuming  马瑾 《国际地震动态》2004,(Z1):15

地震重现时间间隔的分布规律研究对于短期和中长期地震预测、地震灾害预防和救援有着重要的理论和实际意义,如果能够确定地震重现时间间隔的概率密度函数(probability density function-pdf),则在统计学的意义上,能够对地震再次发生的概率进行评估和预测.在地震重现时间间隔的pdf研究中,一个核心问题是如何判断某个pdf是否能够有效地描述地震重现时间间隔分布特征.作者提出利用特征地震重现时间间隔数据的变化系数(COV)与其偏度(S),变化系数与其峰度(K)的相关关系对所选择的pdf的适用性进行判别.研究表明,常用的一些概率密度函数(对数正态分布、gamma分布、Weibull分布和指数分布)并不合适作为描述特征地震的重现时间间隔分布的数学模型.  相似文献   

三维地震勘探恢复性放炮法变通问题的讨论     

马彦良  李铭良 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(5):45-49

受地物影响，炮点的理论变观方法(恢复性放炮法)只能是三维地震数据采集过程中的一种补救措施而已，它只保证了设计覆盖次数不变的目的，而不能保证道集内炮检距和方位角不变的目的。一方面，变观后要求所有的炮检距均满足最大炮检距的限定条件显得过于苛刻；另一方面，对地层倾角较大或煤层埋藏较浅的勘探区，一个区的最大炮检距允许值也不一定是一个确定的值，通常的做法是取平均值。据此，提出了三维变观80原则，即在变观炮点不多或不集中时，只要变观炮点记录中有80％的炮检距或不低于80％的道满足最大炮检距要求，就可认为变观是成功的。这种实用的变观方法，对三维地震勘探野外数据采集工作有较明确的指导意义。  相似文献   

鹤壁市雷暴短时监测和临近预报流程   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王军  赵伟华  周官辉  杜滨鹤  秦成福  石俊峰  孙日丁 《气象》2004,30(5):47-51

利用卫星云图数字化资料、雷达探测和雷电定位探测资料对雷暴天气进行短时监测 ,并与多种短期预报方法集成 ,建立时效为 3～ 6小时的雷暴临近预报流程 ,从而达到预测强对流天气之目的。  相似文献   

Surface wave waveform inversion for variation in upper mantle structure beneath Iceland     

Zhijun Du  G. R. Foulger 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,157(1):305-314

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Late Quaternary systematic stream offsets caused by repeated large seismic events along the Kunlun fault, northern Tibet   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Bihong Fu  Yasuo Awata  Jianguo Du  Wengui He 《Geomorphology》2005,71(3-4):278-292

The Kunlun fault is one of the largest strike-slip faults in northern Tibet, China. In this paper, we focus upon the Kusai Lake–Kunlun Pass segment of the fault to understand the geomorphic development of offset streams caused by repeated large seismic events, based on tectono-geomorphic analysis of high-resolution satellite remote sensing images combined with field studies. The results indicate that systematic left-lateral stream offsets appear at various scales across the fault zone: Lateral offsets of small gullies caused by the 2001 M_w 7.8 Kunlun earthquake vary typically from 3 m to 6 m, meanwhile streams with cumulative offsets of 10 m, 25–30 m, 50–70 m, 250–300 m and 750–1400 m have resulted from repeated large seismic events during the late Quaternary. An average slip rate of 10 ± 1 mm/year has been estimated from the lateral stream offsets and ¹⁴C ages of alluvial fan surfaces incised by the streams. A three-dimensional model showing tectono-geomorphic features along a left-lateral strike-slip fault is also presented. The Kusai Lake–Kunlun Pass segment provides an opportunity to understand the relationship between geomorphic features produced by individual large seismic events and long-term geomorphic development caused by repeated large seismic events along a major strike-slip fault.  相似文献   

Refined modeling and movement characteristics analyses of irregularly shaped particles          下载免费PDF全文

Y. W. Zeng  L. Jin  X. Du  R. Gao 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2015,39(4):388-408

Irregularly shaped (IRS) particles widely exist in many engineering and industrial fields. The macro physical and mechanical properties of the particle system are governed by the interaction between the particles in the system. The interaction between IRS particles is more complicated because of their complex geometric shape with extremely irregular and co‐existed concave and convex surfaces. These particles may interlock each other, making the sliding and friction of IRS particles more complex than that of particles with regular shape. In order to study the interaction of IRS particles more efficiently, a refined method of constructing discrete element model based on computed tomography scanning of IRS particles is proposed. Three parameters were introduced to control the accuracy and the number of packing spheres. Subsequently, the inertia tensor of the IRS particle model was optimized. Finally, laboratory and numerical open bottom cylinder tests were carried out to verify the refined modeling method. The influence of particle shape, particle position, and mesoscopic friction coefficient on the interaction of particles was also simulated. It is noteworthy that with the increase of mesoscopic friction coefficient, the fluidity of IRS particle assembly decreases, and intermittent limit equilibrium state may appear. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development of a soil moisture‐based distributed hydrologic model for determining hydrologically based critical source areas          下载免费PDF全文

Sisi Li  Margaret Gitau  David Bosch  Bernard A. Engel  Liang Zhang  Yun Du 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3543-3557

A simple grid cell‐based distributed hydrologic model was developed to provide spatial information on hydrologic components for determining hydrologically based critical source areas. The model represents the critical process (soil moisture variation) to run‐off generation accounting for both local and global water balance. In this way, it simulates both infiltration excess run‐off and saturation excess run‐off. The model was tested by multisite and multivariable evaluation on the 50‐km² Little River Experimental Watershed I in Georgia, U.S. and 2 smaller nested subwatersheds. Water balance, hydrograph, and soil moisture were simulated and compared to observed data. For streamflow calibration, the daily Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.78 at the watershed outlet and 0.56 and 0.75 at the 2 nested subwatersheds. For the validation period, the Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.79 at the watershed outlet and 0.85 and 0.83 at the 2 subwatersheds. The per cent bias was less than 15% for all sites. For soil moisture, the model also predicted the rising and declining trends at 4 of the 5 measurement sites. The spatial distribution of surface run‐off simulated by the model was mainly controlled by local characteristics (precipitation, soil properties, and land cover) on dry days and by global watershed characteristics (relative position within the watershed and hydrologic connectivity) on wet days when saturation excess run‐off was simulated. The spatial details of run‐off generation and travel time along flow paths provided by the model are helpful for watershed managers to further identify critical source areas of non‐point source pollution and develop best management practices.  相似文献   

Soil property variation mapping through data mining of soil category maps          下载免费PDF全文

Fei Du  A‐Xing Zhu  Lawrence Band  Jing Liu 《水文研究》2015,29(11):2491-2503

Spatial information on soil properties is an important input to hydrological models. In current hydrological modelling practices, soil property information is often derived from soil category maps by the linking method in which a representative soil property value is linked to each soil polygon. Limited by the area‐class nature of soil category maps, the derived soil property variation is discontinuous and less detailed than high resolution digital terrain or remote sensing data. This research proposed dmSoil, a data‐mining‐based approach to derive continuous and spatially detailed soil property information from soil category maps. First, the soil–environment relationships are extracted through data mining of a soil map. The similarity of the soil at each location to different soil types in the soil map is then estimated using the mined relationships. Prediction of soil property values at each location is made by combining the similarities of the soil at that location to different soil types and the representative soil property values of these soil types. The new approach was applied in the Raffelson Watershed and Pleasant Valley in the Driftless Area of Wisconsin, United States to map soil A horizon texture (in both areas) and depth to soil C horizon (in Pleasant Valley). The property maps from the dmSoil approach capture the spatial gradation and details of soil properties better than those from the linking method. The new approach also shows consistent accuracy improvement at validation points. In addition to the improved performances, the inputs for the dmSoil approach are easy to prepare, and the approach itself is simple to deploy. It provides an effective way to derive better soil property information from soil category maps for hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献